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D-1
APPENDIX D
INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES
AND CLOCK CYCLES
This appendix provides reference information for the 80C186 Modular Core family instruction
set. Table D-1 defines the variables used in Table D-2, which lists the instructions with their for-
mats and execution times. Table D-3 is a guide for decoding machine instructions. Table D-4 is
a guide for encoding instruction mnemonics, and Table D-5 defines Table D-4 abbreviations.
Table D-1. Operand Variables
Variable Description
mod
mod
and
r/m
determine the Effective Address (EA).
r/m
r/m
and
mod
determine the Effective Address (EA).
reg
reg
represents a register.
MMM
MMM
and
PPP
are opcodes to the math coprocessor.
PPP
PPP
and
MMM
are opcodes to the math coprocessor.
TTT
TTT
defines which shift or rotate instruction is executed.
r/m EA Calculation mod Effect on EA Calculation
0 0 0 (BX) + (SI) + DISP 0 0 if r/m ≠ 110, DISP = 0; disp-low and disp-high are absent
0 0 1 (BX) + (DI) + DISP 0 0 if r/m = 110, EA = disp-high:disp-low
0 1 0 (BP) + (SI) + DISP 0 1 DISP = disp-low, sign-extended to 16 bits; disp-high is absent
0 1 1 (BP) + (DI) + DISP 1 0 DISP = disp-high:disp-low
1 0 0 (SI) + DISP 1 1 r/m is treated as a reg field
1 0 1 (DI) + DISP DISP follows the second byte of the instruction (before any required data).
Physical addresses of operands addressed by the BP register are computed
using the SS segment register. Physical addresses of destination operands of
string primitives (addressed by the DI register) are computed using the ES seg-
ment register, which cannot be overridden.
1 1 0 (BP) + DISP, if mod ≠ 00
disp-high:disp-low, if mod =00
1 1 1 (BX) + DISP
reg 16-bit (w=1) 8-bit (w=0) TTT Instruction
0 0 0 AX AL 0 0 0 ROL
0 0 1 CX CL 0 0 1 ROR
0 1 0 DX DL 0 1 0 RCL
0 1 1 BP BL 0 1 1 RCR
1 0 0 SP AH 1 0 0 SHL/SAL
1 0 1 BP CH 1 0 1 SHR
1 1 0 SI DH 1 1 0 —
1 1 1 DI BH 1 1 1 SAR
- 80C186XL/80C188XL 1
- Microprocessor 1
- User’s Manual 1
- 80C186XL/80C188XL 2
- Microprocessor 2
- © INTEL CORPORATION, 1995 3
- CONTENTS 4
- EXAMPLES 17
- Introduction 18
- CHAPTER 1 20
- INTRODUCTION 20
- 1.3.2.1 How to Find 25
- Overview of the 28
- 80C186 Family 28
- Architecture 28
- CHAPTER 2 30
- OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY 30
- ARCHITECTURE 30
- A1012-0A 31
- A1500-0A 32
- A1033-0A 33
- CS Code Segment 35
- DS Data Segment 35
- SS Stack Segment 35
- ES Extra Segment 35
- A1035-0A 38
- A1036-0A 39
- A1037-0A 40
- A1038-0A 41
- Free Space 43
- A1013-0A 45
- • Unsigned binary 48
- • Signed binary (integers) 48
- • Unsigned packed decimal 48
- • Unsigned unpacked decimal 48
- 2.2.1.4 String Instructions 51
- ) for source string 52
- ) for destination string 52
- A1015-0A 58
- Opcode Mod R/M 59
- Displacement 59
- A1017-0A 60
- A1018-0A 60
- A1019-0A 61
- A1020-0A 62
- A1021-0A 62
- A1022-0A 63
- A1024-0A 64
- Source EA 65
- Destination EA 65
- component; a 32-bit 66
- Floating Point 66
- Magnitude 67
- A1028-0A 68
- A1009-02 69
- A1029-0A 71
- 2.3.1.2 Maskable Interrupts 72
- 2.3.1.3 Exceptions 72
- A1030-0A 75
- A1031-0A 76
- A1032-0A 77
- A1034-0A 78
- Bus Interface Unit 80
- CHAPTER 3 82
- • Address/Status Phase 89
- • Data Phase 89
- Table 3-1. Bus Cycle Types 93
- BUS INTERFACE UNIT 100
- 3.5.1.1 Refresh Bus Cycles 103
- • An interrupt is generated 109
- • A bus HOLD is generated 109
- • A DMA request is generated 109
- Figure 3-25. HALT Bus Cycle 110
- NOTES: 112
- 3.5.6 Exiting HALT 113
- Figure 3-29. Exiting HALT 114
- • Additional V 115
- A1095-0A 116
- A1058-0B 117
- QS0, QS1 120
- 3.7.1.1 HOLD Bus Latency 121
- Figure 3-36. Latching HLDA 124
- Figure 3-37. Exiting HOLD 125
- Peripheral Control 128
- CHAPTER 4 130
- PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK 130
- Register Mnemonic: RELREG 131
- Function 132
- Clock Generation and 138
- Power Management 138
- CHAPTER 5 140
- CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER 140
- MANAGEMENT 140
- 90˚ 180˚90˚ 141
- Z = Inverter Output Z 141
- A1520-0A 142
- 5.1.1.2 Selecting Crystals 144
- A1521-0A 146
- A1508-0B 147
- in the logic high state. If 148
- A1523-0A 149
- Register Mnemonic: PWRSAV 151
- T2 T3 T4 152
- Chip-Select Unit 154
- CHAPTER 6 156
- CHIP-SELECT UNIT 156
- A1168-0A 157
- Address Valid 159
- Register Mnemonic: UMCS 162
- chip-select 162
- Register Mnemonic: LMCS 163
- Register Mnemonic: MMCS 164
- chip-selects 164
- Register Mnemonic: PACS 165
- Register Mnemonic: MPCS 166
- and PCS chip 166
- 6.4.2.1 UCS Active Range 167
- 6.4.2.2 LCS Active Range 168
- 6.4.2.3 MCS Active Range 168
- Table 6-4. MCS Active Range 168
- A1136-0C 169
- 6.4.2.4 PCS Active Range 170
- Table 6-6. PCS Active Range 170
- Device select 173
- External Master Chip Select 173
- CSU Chip Select 173
- Figure 6-13. Typical System 174
- Refresh Control Unit 178
- A1539-01 180
- REFRESH CONTROL UNIT 181
- A1502-0A 183
- RFTIME equ xxxxh 190
- Interrupt Control 194
- CHAPTER 8 196
- INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT 196
- 8.2.1.1 Interrupt Masking 198
- 8.2.1.2 Interrupt Priority 198
- 8.2.1.3 Interrupt Nesting 199
- INT3 Control 3EH 206
- Figure 8-11. Poll Register 215
- Interrupt 220
- 8.5.1.3 Other Registers 223
- A1200-A0 225
- Timer/Counter Unit 228
- CHAPTER 9 230
- TIMER/COUNTER UNIT 230
- Register Mnemonic: T2CON 238
- A1299-0A 239
- A1300-0A 240
- 9.2.3.1 Retriggering 242
- T1CMPB equ xxxxH 250
- T1CMPA equ xxxxH 251
- Direct Memory 254
- Access Unit 254
- CHAPTER 10 256
- DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNIT 256
- • from I/O space to I/O space 258
- 10.1.10.1.1 Fixed Priority 263
- A1540-01 264
- • pointer address 265
- Register Mnemonic: DxDSTH 268
- Destination pointer 268
- Register Mnemonic: DxCON 270
- Math Coprocessing 284
- CHAPTER 11 286
- MATH COPROCESSING 286
- A1257-0A 293
- A1531-0A 299
- ONCE Mode 302
- CHAPTER 12 304
- ONCE MODE 304
- A1532-0A 305
- 80C186 Instruction 306
- Set Additions and 306
- Extensions 306
- APPENDIX A 308
- 80C186 INSTRUCTION SET 308
- ADDITIONS AND EXTENSIONS 308
- Figure A-4) 311
- A1003-0A 312
- A1004-0A 313
- A1005-0A 314
- • Data transfer instructions 315
- • Arithmetic instructions 315
- A.2.3.1 Shift Instructions 316
- A.2.3.2 Rotate Instructions 317
- Synchronization 318
- APPENDIX B 320
- INPUT SYNCHRONIZATION 320
- Instruction Set 322
- Descriptions 322
- APPENDIX C 324
- INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONS 324
- Table C-4. Instruction Set 327
- Opcodes and Clock 372
- APPENDIX D 374
- INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES 374
- AND CLOCK CYCLES 374
- Hex Binary 382
- Byte 2 Immed Shift Grp1 Grp2 395
- 2-10, 2-13 402
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