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OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY ARCHITECTURE
2-8
2.1.7 Memory Segmentation
Programs for the 80C186 Modular Core family view the 1 Mbyte memory space as a group of
user-defined segments. A segment is a logical unit of memory that can be up to 64 Kbytes long.
Each segment is composed of contiguous memory locations. Segments are independent and sep-
arately addressable. Software assigns every segment a base address (starting location) in memory
space. All segments begin on 16-byte memory boundaries. There are no other restrictions on seg-
ment locations. Segments can be adjacent, disjoint, partially overlapped or fully overlapped (see
Figure 2-6). A physical memory location can be mapped into (covered by) one or more logical
segments.
- 80C186XL/80C188XL 1
- Microprocessor 1
- User’s Manual 1
- 80C186XL/80C188XL 2
- Microprocessor 2
- © INTEL CORPORATION, 1995 3
- CONTENTS 4
- EXAMPLES 17
- Introduction 18
- CHAPTER 1 20
- INTRODUCTION 20
- 1.3.2.1 How to Find 25
- Overview of the 28
- 80C186 Family 28
- Architecture 28
- CHAPTER 2 30
- OVERVIEW OF THE 80C186 FAMILY 30
- ARCHITECTURE 30
- A1012-0A 31
- A1500-0A 32
- A1033-0A 33
- CS Code Segment 35
- DS Data Segment 35
- SS Stack Segment 35
- ES Extra Segment 35
- A1035-0A 38
- A1036-0A 39
- A1037-0A 40
- A1038-0A 41
- Free Space 43
- A1013-0A 45
- • Unsigned binary 48
- • Signed binary (integers) 48
- • Unsigned packed decimal 48
- • Unsigned unpacked decimal 48
- 2.2.1.4 String Instructions 51
- ) for source string 52
- ) for destination string 52
- A1015-0A 58
- Opcode Mod R/M 59
- Displacement 59
- A1017-0A 60
- A1018-0A 60
- A1019-0A 61
- A1020-0A 62
- A1021-0A 62
- A1022-0A 63
- A1024-0A 64
- Source EA 65
- Destination EA 65
- component; a 32-bit 66
- Floating Point 66
- Magnitude 67
- A1028-0A 68
- A1009-02 69
- A1029-0A 71
- 2.3.1.2 Maskable Interrupts 72
- 2.3.1.3 Exceptions 72
- A1030-0A 75
- A1031-0A 76
- A1032-0A 77
- A1034-0A 78
- Bus Interface Unit 80
- CHAPTER 3 82
- • Address/Status Phase 89
- • Data Phase 89
- Table 3-1. Bus Cycle Types 93
- BUS INTERFACE UNIT 100
- 3.5.1.1 Refresh Bus Cycles 103
- • An interrupt is generated 109
- • A bus HOLD is generated 109
- • A DMA request is generated 109
- Figure 3-25. HALT Bus Cycle 110
- NOTES: 112
- 3.5.6 Exiting HALT 113
- Figure 3-29. Exiting HALT 114
- • Additional V 115
- A1095-0A 116
- A1058-0B 117
- QS0, QS1 120
- 3.7.1.1 HOLD Bus Latency 121
- Figure 3-36. Latching HLDA 124
- Figure 3-37. Exiting HOLD 125
- Peripheral Control 128
- CHAPTER 4 130
- PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK 130
- Register Mnemonic: RELREG 131
- Function 132
- Clock Generation and 138
- Power Management 138
- CHAPTER 5 140
- CLOCK GENERATION AND POWER 140
- MANAGEMENT 140
- 90˚ 180˚90˚ 141
- Z = Inverter Output Z 141
- A1520-0A 142
- 5.1.1.2 Selecting Crystals 144
- A1521-0A 146
- A1508-0B 147
- in the logic high state. If 148
- A1523-0A 149
- Register Mnemonic: PWRSAV 151
- T2 T3 T4 152
- Chip-Select Unit 154
- CHAPTER 6 156
- CHIP-SELECT UNIT 156
- A1168-0A 157
- Address Valid 159
- Register Mnemonic: UMCS 162
- chip-select 162
- Register Mnemonic: LMCS 163
- Register Mnemonic: MMCS 164
- chip-selects 164
- Register Mnemonic: PACS 165
- Register Mnemonic: MPCS 166
- and PCS chip 166
- 6.4.2.1 UCS Active Range 167
- 6.4.2.2 LCS Active Range 168
- 6.4.2.3 MCS Active Range 168
- Table 6-4. MCS Active Range 168
- A1136-0C 169
- 6.4.2.4 PCS Active Range 170
- Table 6-6. PCS Active Range 170
- Device select 173
- External Master Chip Select 173
- CSU Chip Select 173
- Figure 6-13. Typical System 174
- Refresh Control Unit 178
- A1539-01 180
- REFRESH CONTROL UNIT 181
- A1502-0A 183
- RFTIME equ xxxxh 190
- Interrupt Control 194
- CHAPTER 8 196
- INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT 196
- 8.2.1.1 Interrupt Masking 198
- 8.2.1.2 Interrupt Priority 198
- 8.2.1.3 Interrupt Nesting 199
- INT3 Control 3EH 206
- Figure 8-11. Poll Register 215
- Interrupt 220
- 8.5.1.3 Other Registers 223
- A1200-A0 225
- Timer/Counter Unit 228
- CHAPTER 9 230
- TIMER/COUNTER UNIT 230
- Register Mnemonic: T2CON 238
- A1299-0A 239
- A1300-0A 240
- 9.2.3.1 Retriggering 242
- T1CMPB equ xxxxH 250
- T1CMPA equ xxxxH 251
- Direct Memory 254
- Access Unit 254
- CHAPTER 10 256
- DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS UNIT 256
- • from I/O space to I/O space 258
- 10.1.10.1.1 Fixed Priority 263
- A1540-01 264
- • pointer address 265
- Register Mnemonic: DxDSTH 268
- Destination pointer 268
- Register Mnemonic: DxCON 270
- Math Coprocessing 284
- CHAPTER 11 286
- MATH COPROCESSING 286
- A1257-0A 293
- A1531-0A 299
- ONCE Mode 302
- CHAPTER 12 304
- ONCE MODE 304
- A1532-0A 305
- 80C186 Instruction 306
- Set Additions and 306
- Extensions 306
- APPENDIX A 308
- 80C186 INSTRUCTION SET 308
- ADDITIONS AND EXTENSIONS 308
- Figure A-4) 311
- A1003-0A 312
- A1004-0A 313
- A1005-0A 314
- • Data transfer instructions 315
- • Arithmetic instructions 315
- A.2.3.1 Shift Instructions 316
- A.2.3.2 Rotate Instructions 317
- Synchronization 318
- APPENDIX B 320
- INPUT SYNCHRONIZATION 320
- Instruction Set 322
- Descriptions 322
- APPENDIX C 324
- INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONS 324
- Table C-4. Instruction Set 327
- Opcodes and Clock 372
- APPENDIX D 374
- INSTRUCTION SET OPCODES 374
- AND CLOCK CYCLES 374
- Hex Binary 382
- Byte 2 Immed Shift Grp1 Grp2 395
- 2-10, 2-13 402
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