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Switch Management and Operating Concepts 31
Port VLAN ID
Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from one
802.1Q compliant network device to another with the VLAN information intact. This enables
802.1Q VLANs to span network devices (and indeed, the entire network, if all network devices are
802.1Q compliant).
Not all network devices are 802.1Q compliant. These devices are referred to as tag-unaware. 802.1Q
devices are referred to as tag-aware.
Before the adoption of 802.1Q VLANs, port-based and MAC-based VLANs were in common use.
These VLANs relied upon a port VLAN ID (PVID) to forward packets. A packet received on a
given port would be assigned that port PVID and then be forwarded to the port that corresponded to
the packet destination address (found in the switch forwarding table). If the PVID of the port that
receives the packet is different from the PVID of the port that is to transmit the packet, the switch
module will drop the packet.
A switch port can have only one PVID but can have as many VIDs as the switch module has
memory in its VLAN table to store them.
Tagging and untagging
Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured to admit or discard packets that are
received without a tag. Untagged packets that are admitted will be tagged with the port’s PVID.
Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can also be configured to transmit packets with or
without tags. Ports with tagging enabled will leave the 802.1Q tag received with the packet or
inserted by the ingress port unchanged. Ports with untagging enabled will strip the 802.1Q tag from
all packets that it transmits. Untagging is used to send packets from an 802.1Q-compliant network
device to a noncompliant one.
Ingress filtering and egress rules
A port on a switch where packets are flowing into the switch and VLAN decisions must be made is
referred to as an ingress port. If ingress filtering is enabled for a port, the switch will examine the
VLAN information in the packet header (if present) to decide whether to forward the packet. If
ingress filtering is disabled, packets will not be dropped based on their VLAN classification.
If ingress filtering is enabled and the packet is tagged with VLAN information, the ingress port will
determine whether the ingress port itself is a member of the tagged VLAN. If it is not, the packet
Dest. Src.
Length/EType
Data
Dest.
Src.
EType
Tag
Length/EType Data
Priority
VLAN ID
VLAN ID
Adding an IEEE 802.1Q Tag
Adding an IEEE 802.1Q Tag
Old
CRC
Old
CRC
New
CRC
New
CRC
Orginal Ethernet
Packet
Orginal Ethernet
Packet
New Tagged
Packet
New Tagged
Packet
- User’s Guide 1
- Contents 2
- Contents v 4
- Contents vii 6
- Contents ix 8
- Contents xi 10
- Contents xiii 12
- Contents xv 14
- Contents xvii 16
- CAUTION: 20
- Related publications 25
- Specifications and features 27
- IXM5414E 32
- Installation guidelines 34
- Information panel 42
- Concepts 44
- Port mirroring 48
- Switching concepts 49
- Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 50
- IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 51
- 802.1Q Packet Forwarding 52
- IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tags 53
- Port VLAN ID 54
- Tagging and untagging 54
- IEEE 802.1Q VLAN configuration 55
- Static MAC filtering 56
- Link aggregation (LAG) 58
- Static LAGs 59
- Distribution method 59
- Local authentication 61
- RADIUS authentication 62
- Secure Shell (SSH) 62
- Quality of Service (QoS) 63
- Access Control Lists (ACL) 64
- Introduction 66
- Getting started 67
- ARP cache 71
- Network connectivity 74
- User accounts 76
- Login configuration 78
- Login session 79
- Login summary 80
- User login 81
- Forwarding database 83
- Message log 85
- Event log 86
- Mirroring 92
- Community configuration 94
- Trap receiver configuration 95
- Trap receiver summary 96
- Switch summary 101
- Port detailed 102
- Port summary 107
- System utilities 109
- Reset passwords to defaults 110
- Download file to switch 111
- Upload file from switch 112
- Trap manager 114
- Trap log 115
- Switching 116
- Configuration 117
- Port configuration 120
- Protocol-based VLAN 122
- MAC filter configuration 125
- MAC filter summary 126
- Switch configuration 128
- IGMP snooping 130
- Interface configuration 131
- MFDB table 134
- GMRP table 135
- IGMP snooping table 136
- Spanning tree 137
- CST port configuration/status 140
- Class of service 142
- Security 143
- Port status 146
- Statistics 150
- Port access privileges 153
- Port access summary 153
- Server configuration 155
- RADIUS statistics 157
- Server statistics 157
- Accounting server statistics 160
- Secure HTTP 161
- Secure Shell 163
- Access Control Lists 164
- Rule configuration 166
- Bandwidth provisioning 169
- Bandwidth profile summary 170
- Traffic class configuration 171
- Traffic class summary 173
- Interface allocation summary 174
- Command name 176
- Parameters 177
- Comments 178
- Special characters 178
- Managing user accounts 180
- Initial configuration 181
- System commands 182
- Inventory information 183
- Port commands 184
- System configuration 190
- System description 194
- TFTP upload example 204
- IGMP snooping commands 210
- MAC filter commands 213
- Protocol-based VLAN commands 216
- Spanning tree commands 217
- Spanning tree port commands 221
- Class of Service commands 227
- Authentication commands 228
- IEEE 802.1X commands 230
- RADIUS accounting commands 235
- RADIUS server commands 238
- Secure Shell (SSH) commands 240
- Appendix B Cable Lengths 252
- Settings 254
- Appendix D CLI Command Tree 260
- Bridging configuration example 268
- VLAN configuration example 269
- Creating a stable topology 275
- IEEE 802.1D STP port states 276
- IEEE 802.1w STP port states 277
- Illustration of STP 279
- Discarding state 281
- Learning state 282
- Forwarding state 283
- Disabled state 285
- Troubleshooting STP 286
- Unidirectional link 287
- Packet corruption 288
- Resource errors 288
- Identifying a data loop 288
- Avoiding network problems 289
- Assistance 292
- Appendix H Notices 294
- General Safety 295
- Electrical Safety 295
- Safety compliance 297
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